How to Set End-Position Cushioning in Cylinders
When the piston slams unbraked into the end cap, it creates pressure spikes, noise and broken parts. End-position cushioning decelerates the mass just before the stroke ends and protects the cylinder and the machine. This guide explains the cushioning types, how to set the throttle screw and where the method reaches its limits.
View hydraulic cylindersWhat does end-position cushioning do in a cylinder?
At the end of the stroke the piston carries kinetic energy from mass and speed. Without cushioning this energy hits the end stop abruptly and creates pressure spikes, noise and wear. End-position cushioning closes the free oil outlet just before the stroke ends and forces the remaining oil through a narrow throttle. This gently decelerates the piston and dissipates the kinetic energy in a controlled way.
Fixed or adjustable cushioning - which fits?
There are three common designs: no cushioning, fixed (non-adjustable) and adjustable cushioning. Fixed cushioning is cheap and low-maintenance but cannot adapt to changing loads. Adjustable cushioning with a throttle screw lets you fine-tune to mass and speed and is the right choice for variable cycles.
- Determine mass and end speed from the application.
- Choose adjustable cushioning for strongly varying loads.
- Dissipate very high energy through external shock absorbers or brake valves.
How do I set the throttle screw correctly?
Set it step by step under load. Start with the throttle screw mostly closed (strong cushioning) and open it slowly until the piston reaches the stroke end softly but without bouncing back. Opened too far, the piston hits hard; closed too far, it brakes too early and the cycle slows down.
Close the throttle first, then open in small steps and watch the behaviour.
Cylinder guideA gauge shows the pressure spike at stroke end - aim for a smooth rise without a peak.
Learn moreFrequently asked questions
Why does my cylinder still hit hard despite end-position cushioning?
Usually the mass or end speed is too high for the short cushioning path, or the throttle screw is opened too far. Close the throttle a little or reduce the approach speed. If that is not enough, an external shock absorber is needed.
Can I retrofit end-position cushioning?
No, cushioning is built into the cylinder cap by design and cannot be retrofitted. It must be chosen at purchase. As an alternative, external shock absorbers or a brake valve in the outlet line slow the motion.
What is the difference between fixed and adjustable cushioning?
Fixed cushioning has a set throttle and is low-maintenance but not adjustable. Adjustable cushioning has a throttle screw to match braking force to mass and speed. For changing loads the adjustable version is better.
Find the right cushioned hydraulic cylinder
Our hydraulics specialists help with cushioning type, sizing and setting for your mass and speed.
Vetted sizing
Recommendations from energy, mass and field values.
Correct cushioning
Fixed or adjustable version matched to the application.
Machine protection
Avoid pressure spikes and wear at the stroke end.
Expert advice
Hydraulics specialists support your selection.